Types of violence 2

The Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR) in 2023 conducted a Europe-wide survey on violence against women in politics among locally elected female politicians; over 2 600 female politicians (86 % of whom were local officials) in 31 European countries took part and shared their experiences of violence. According to the results, 32 % of respondents had experienced violence, but only 29 % of those affected had reported it, and of those who reported it, only 22 % witnessed consequences for perpetrators. Psychological and cyber violence were the types most commonly encountered, while physical and sexual violence were much less frequent (Figure 3). Half of respondents considered that the level of violence had remained constant, while one third considered that it had increased.