Security and defence

Heading 5 represents 2.1 % of the MFF, and includes policy clusters (12) security, and (13) defence. The largest item under the heading is the European Defence Fund, which brings together the current European Defence Industrial Development Programme (EDIDP) and preparatory action on defence research. Their collective budget increases almost twenty-fold (from €575.3 million to €11.5 billion). In addition, the proposed MFF includes a new €5.8 billion ‘military mobility’ budget earmarked within the transport envelope of the Connecting Europe Facility, to upgrade EU transport infrastructure so that military assets can be moved swiftly between EU countries.