Suite à sa communication “Préparer notre avenir: développer une stratégie commune pour les technologies clés génériques (TCG) dans l’UE” de…
Albert Pan and 2008 Olympus BioScapes, Image used under Creative Commons licence
Albert Pan and 2008 Olympus BioScapes, Image used under Creative Commons licence
Suite à sa communication “Préparer notre avenir: développer une stratégie commune pour les technologies clés génériques (TCG) dans l’UE” de 2009 et au rapport de 2011 du groupe d’experts qui a interrogé industrie, associations, monde académique et organisations de recherche en technologie, la Commission publie sa stratégie des TCG en vue de relever trois défis: maintenir sa prédominance technologique mondiale, résoudre des problèmes de société majeurs, rajeunir et renforcer son industrie.
Technologies Clés Génériques?
Biotechnologie industrielle, nanotechnologie, micro ou nanoélectronique, photonique, matériaux avancés, et systèmes de fabrication de pointe; issues de la recherche fondamentale, les TGC sont multidisciplinaires, requièrent du personnel hautement qualifié et des investissements élevés. Elles permettent l’innovation de processus et l’élaboration industrielle de produits et services dans diverses industries (manufacture, chimie et aérospatiale, automobile, denrées alimentaires, électronique, textile, environnement, pharmacie, construction, télécommunication et énergie).
Prédominance technologique mondiale de l’UE
L’UE se distingue, en exclusivité mondiale, par ses compétences et recherches avancées dans chacune des six TCG. Pourtant, le passage entre recherche fondamentale et industrie se révèle très souvent trop ardu (difficultés à trouver du capital-risque pour financer prototypes et démonstrations, manque d’infrastructure pour élaborer les prototypes, absence de brevet européen, préjugés de la population, réglementation européenne plus stricte que dans les pays tiers, pénurie de personnel qualifié, etc.) que pour atteindre avec succès le stade commercial.
Problèmes de société majeurs
Combinant emplois hautement qualifiés (pour personnel local ou international), innovation et croissance économique, les TCG auraient le potentiel, entre autres, de limiter le changement climatique, de mettre au point des technologies pauvres en carbone, d’utiliser plus efficacement énergie et ressources et de vieillir en bonne santé.
Que propose la Commission?
Basée sur trois axes (recherche technologique, démonstration de produits et activités manufacturières compétitives), la stratégie TCG focalise les ressources politiques et financières du prochain programme cadre de l’UE sur la recherche, l’innovation, les formations et la cohésion en les coordonnant aux niveaux européen, nationaux et régionaux en vue de synergies et d’exploitation des complémentarités. Elle ne requiert pas de fonds supplémentaires, mais vise une utilisation optimale des marchés publics, des fonds alloués dans les programmes et instruments existants (Horizon 2020, fonds structurels, etc.) ainsi que des prêts et garanties de la BEI. Bien encadrées, les aides d’Etat seront autorisées. Dès 2013, un observatoire des TCG fournira des informations sur ce marché. Les instruments commerciaux – assurant concurrence loyale, coopération avec les pays tiers, etc. – seront mobilisés.
Les réactions
La stratégie suscite peu de réactions à ce jour; positive pour l’industrie (ESIA) et négative pour une ONG, les Amis de la Terre, qui constate que “les méthodes de culture conventionnelles ont apporté des solutions plus intelligentes et innovantes que les entreprises de biotechnologie sur ces 15 dernières années”.
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Comments
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[…] Even if a bit lonely, we have been working hard in order to be able to propose you new things. We were happy to host the article from our director Alfredo De Feo who suggested an interesting reading on the future of Europe. Earlier today, we had a post on value of libraries coming from Canada. Erica Anderson was our first guestblogger. Keep in touch next week, there are more to come! Furthermore, we published a post on organized crime in the Western Balkans, and we also had a post in French dealing with the future of innovation policies. […]
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[…] Photonics is all around us; it is an integral part of modern human society, contributing to our daily lives. The science of photonics is the study an utilisation of light or photons. Consequently due to its interdisciplinary nature it crosses the fields of physics, chemistry and electrical engineering. […]
[…] Even if a bit lonely, we have been working hard in order to be able to propose you new things. We were happy to host the article from our director Alfredo De Feo who suggested an interesting reading on the future of Europe. Earlier today, we had a post on value of libraries coming from Canada. Erica Anderson was our first guestblogger. Keep in touch next week, there are more to come! Furthermore, we published a post on organized crime in the Western Balkans, and we also had a post in French dealing with the future of innovation policies. […]