Updated on 09.10.2025
Written by Alessandro D’Alfonso.
In October 2025, Member States have around 10 months to complete the implementation of their national recovery and resilience plans financed by the Next Generation EU (NGEU) recovery instrument. An EPRS briefing provides a snapshot of the use of NGEU funding so far, showing that implementation is ongoing, but with variations across the EU. Launched in 2021-2022, all plans have now been revised at least once to include a REPowerEU chapter and adjust the original measures when justified. By 2026, the EU is projected to use some €630 billion out of the maximum allocation available (€723.8 billion) under the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the centrepiece of NGEU. In addition, REPowerEU chapters, which aim to reinforce the energy dimension of the recovery plans, can count on a further €20 billion in grants. As of 9 October 2025, the share of milestones and targets assessed as achieved by the Commission stood at 40 %, suggesting that further efforts – sometimes significant – are needed to ensure full implementation of the plans by the 31 August 2026 deadline. In the meantime, a new revision process aimed at simplifying and streamlining the plans should be completed by the end of 2025. But how is this significant amount of resources being used to meet the strategic objectives of the green transition, the digital transformation, resilience and inclusion?
Given the level and strategic importance of the investment involved, the European Parliament has repeatedly stressed that NGEU should be closely monitored. To contribute to the transparency of this major innovation in EU finances, the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) has created three series of briefings, respectively on individual national recovery and resilience plans (NRRPs), sectoral dimensions thereof, and governance aspects of the tools, as well as an interactive infographic. These publications provide a regularly updated overview of the progress in the implementation of NGEU resources.
The briefings in the ‘Next Generation EU (NGEU) delivery: How are the Member States doing?’ series look at the NRRPs put forward by the Member States to benefit from investment under the RRF. In a nutshell, the briefings aim to provide the essentials of each national plan in an easily accessible format. Each briefing sets out the funding each Member State can access, the country-specific challenges that the plan is designed to address, the investment and reform measures put forward by national authorities, and the Commission’s assessment of their plans. Other sections present the milestones and targets to be met and the latest state of play in the implementation, as well as a flavour of the debate individual plans have triggered. Various graphics recapitulate key data in a snapshot. The series covers all Member States and the briefings are updated regularly, at key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans. The briefings in the series are available here: Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain, and Sweden.
In addition, a special entry in the series looks at how the European Commission assessed implementation progress in individual Member States in the framework of the 2023 European Semester, showing that the deployment of the RRF is broadly on track, but variations are emerging across the EU.
The ‘Next Generation EU (NGEU) delivery: Sectoral focus’ series analyses horizontal dimensions of the NRRPs, with a closer look at specific aspects of the six priorities of common European interest that the RRF can finance. Notably, these briefings provide an overview of how NRRPs support an individual policy area through investment and reform measures across the EU. The publications in the series are so far devoted to the following dimensions of the plans: cohesion, digital, education, energy, gender, health, (digital) public services and their implementation, small- and medium-sized enterprises, social expenditure, sustainable water management, transport and urban development, cybersecurity measures as well as measures tackling aggressive tax planning, those against money laundering and powering national financial instruments with Next Generation EU.
The ‘Next Generation EU (NGEU) delivery: Governance’ series explores how NGEU and the RRF work in practice, with a particular focus on their innovative aspects as compared to traditional EU budgetary instruments. The first briefings in this series look at governance and oversight of the RRF, its payment suspension methodology, transparency in RRF implementation, partial payments, performance-based delivery, and European Commission annual reports.
Last but not least, EPRS weekly updates an interactive infographic on the state of play in the implementation of the EU recovery instrument, which is enriched over time with new data as implementation of the plans advances.
Don’t hesitate to return to this page, a single entry point to key EPRS publications in this area, to discover new briefings and the latest updates as we add them.
Comments are closed for this post.