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Written by Marcin Grajewski.
The European Union faces a dilemma in how to respond to the US Inflation Reduction Act, which pours billions of dollars of federal funds into the American economy by favouring US-made clean energy and technology. The debate is reshaping the EU’s efforts to become a global leader in clean technologies to help combat climate change. It has also heated up the discussion on future EU industrial policy, pitting advocates of proactive State aid against defenders of the traditional EU competition policy which underpins the single market.
This note offers links to recent reports and commentaries from some major international think tanks and research institutes on the debates relating to EU clean tech and industrial policies, notably in the area of State aid.
The fiscal side of Europe’s energy crisis: The facts, problems and prospects
Bruegel, March 2023
How Europe should answer the US Inflation Reduction Act
Bruegel, February 2023
Building a North American electric vehicle supply chain
Brookings Institution, February 2023
How to reform federal permitting to accelerate clean energy infrastructure: A nonpartisan way forward
Brookings Institution, February 2023
National fiscal policy responses to the energy crisis
Bruegel, February 2023
Climate versus trade? Reconciling international subsidy rules with industrial decarbonisation
Bruegel, February 2023
The EU response to the United States Inflation Reduction Act
Bruegel, February 2023
For a green European industrial policy
German Council on Foreign Relations, February 2023
The EU’s hasty response to US subsidies is a major mistake in the making
German Council on Foreign Relations via Internationale Politik, February 2023
Just decarbonisation: An opportunity for EU-US cooperation
German Marshall Fund, February 2023
A Single Market 2.0 for the future: More social, more environmental and with a place for open strategic autonomy
Heinrich Böll Stiftung, February 2023
State aid, unequal distribution of subsidies and fragmentation of the single market
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, February 2023
Inflation Reduction Act versus Pacte vert : Les divergences transatlantiques sur la transition énergétique
Institut français des relations internationales, February 2023
Industrial Policy: An EU response to the challenge of competitiveness
Irish Institute of International and European Affairs, February 2023
The future of industrial policy and the European Single Market
Irish Institute of International and European Affairs, February 2023
Comment l’Europe répond à la rivalité sino-américaine
Jacques Delors Institut, February 2023
The US-EU race for green subsidies can help fight climate change
Peterson Institute for International Economics, February 2023
The US-China technology war and its effects on Europe
Real Instituto Elcano, February 2023
Lessons learned from state-level climate policies to accelerate U.S. climate action
Wilson Centre, February 2023
The European Single Market turns 30: Time for Europe to celebrate but not rest on its laurels
Bertelsmann Stiftung, January 2023
The EC conditionally approves state aid to Uniper and SEFE
Centre for Eastern Studies, January 2023
Europe needs to dial down its anxiety over the Inflation Reduction Act
Centre for European Reform, January 2023
Turning down the heat on transatlantic tech
Centre for European Reform, January 2023
Caught in the crossfire: Why EU states should discuss strategic export controls
European Council on Foreign Relations, January 2023
Made in Europe: An EU Green Industrial Plan to respond to the challenge of US and Chinese protectionism
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, January 2023
Bringing economics back into EU and US chips policy
Brookings Institution, December 2023
Biden’s ‘America First’ economic policy threatens rift With Europe
Council on Foreign Relations, December 2023
Le plan de soutien du gouvernement allemand aux ménages et entreprises: Comment compenser le double choc énergétique et économique?
Institut français des relations internationales, December 2022
Walking out of the woods: EU industrial policy between the energy crisis and decarbonisation
Istituto Affari Internazionali, December 2022
Why US allies are upset over electric vehicle subsidies in the Inflation Reduction Act
Peterson Institute for International Economics, December 2022
Deglobalisation and protectionism
Bruegel, November 2022
In a green subsidy race, the EU should not imitate the US
Centre for European Policy Studies, November 2022
A compass to guide EU policy in support of business competitiveness
European Council for International Political Economy, November 2022
The impacts of EU strategy autonomy policies: A primer for member states
European Council for International Political Economy, November 2022
Applying an intergenerational mindset to European technology investments
European Policy Centre, November 2022
Technology and industrial policy in an age of systemic competition
German Council on Foreign Relations, February 2023
Read this briefing on ‘Industrial policy, State aid and clean tech‘ in the Think Tank pages of the European Parliament.
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