Graphics on Area of Freedom, Security and Justice

Budget

Council configurations

Forthcoming elections

Female participation in Council meetings

Gender distribution of representatives by Member State, 2023

Legal acts adopted by the Council

Council meetings

Attendance at Council meetings

Voting weights in the Council

Historical overview of Council presidencies

The rotating presidency of the Council

Seniority of delegates at Council meetings

Number of Schengen states with checks at their internal borders (2014-2025)

Cumulative period of checks at Schengen states’ internal borders over the 2006-2025 period (in days)

Timeline of Schengen enlargement

Adoption of OLP acts per legislative term

António Costa’s formal meetings and interactions of various kinds

Figure 3 – Reporting to Parliament by European Council Presidents following formal meetings

Figure 4 – Reporting to Parliament by European Council Presidents following informal meetings

European Council Presidents: European political party affiliation, date of election

Size of the political groups

Inter-parliamentary delegations

Number of legislative and own-initiative reports

Proportion of MEPs in each political group

Age of MEPs

Strengths of the political groups in each parliamentary term

Voting system and number of MEPs

Turnout in Member States at European Parliament elections since 1979

Number of trilogue meetings per year and per committee

President of the European Parliament

Parliamentary committees

Size of political groups in the European Parliament by Member State (as of 7 November 2024)

Women MEPs by Member State

Governing bodies of the European Parliament – Bureau

Governing bodies of the European Parliamen -The Conference of Presidents (CoP)

Ordinary legislative procedure / co-decision

Legislative resolutions adopted in plenary

average length of time taken for files under the OLP

Share of committee chairs by political group (November 2024)

Turnout in European Parliament elections

Women in the European Parliament and EU national parliaments

Proportion of men and women in the European Parliament

Share of new MEPs by political group

Share of new MEPs by Member State

New and re-elected MEPs in 2024

Age of MEPs

Age distribution of MEPs

European Council Presidents: European political party affiliation, Member State and date of (re)election

Overview of high-level office-holders since the 2009 European elections

Gender of MEPs

MEPs by Member State

New and re-elected MEPs

Age of MEPs

Average age of MEPs by Member State

Female MEPs in the EP by MS

Female MEPs in the European Parliament

Share of new MEPs by Member State

Share of new MEPs by political group

Trend in turnout at EP elections

Turnout at EP elections 2024-2029

Timeline to new EU institutional leadership

Fact-checking compass

Party political balance in the European Council and the European Parliament

NB Figure 1 represents the party political balance on 18 June 2024. For Parliament, this is based on preliminary election results. The membership of the European Council changes on average every 2 months and could be different at the next meeting.

EU institutional cycle

Election day

Voting methods for citizens resident abroad

Minimum age of candidates

Electoral threshold

Activity in European Parliament plenary sessions in the ninth term so far (July 2019 – December 2023)

Parliamentary committees

Share of committee chairs by political group (April 2024)

Inter-parliamentary delegations

Co-decision procedure

Number of trilogues per year and per committee

Number of legislative and own-initiative reports

President of the European Parliament

The bureau

Conference of Presidents

An economy that works for the people

A stronger Europe in the world

Promoting our European way of life

A new push for European democracy

A Europe fit for the digital age

A European green deal

Participants in ‘This is Europe’ debates in the European Parliament (2022-2024)

Attention given by each speaker to the 20 most addressed topics.

categories of all topics

Number of MEPs and voting system

Voting methods for citizens abroad

Electoral threshold

Minimum age of candidates

-Voting age in the Member States

Age to stand as a candidate for the EP

Electoral thresholds for the 2024 European elections

Age to stand as a candidate for the EP

Voting age in the Member States

The von der Leyen Commission’s six priorities: Legislative and non-legislative delivery to 31 August 2022

Career path of Heads of State or Government in the European council

Coalition governments in the European Council

Political affiliation of EU Heads of State

Presidents of the European Council

Political group affiliation of Heads of State or Government over time

Historical evolution of the European Council

Top 10 EU HoG by EUCO meetings

Top 10 HoG by days in EUCO

Evolution of the role of the European Council

Average length of EUCO membership for leaders

Members of the European Council

Political balance in the EUCO and in EP

Main topics discussed by the European Council

The European Council in the EU policy cycle

Gender of European Council members

Figure 2 – Overview of high-level office-holders since the 2009 European Parliament elections

Figure1 – Office holders, their European political party affiliation, Member State and date of (re-)election

The von der Leyen Commission’s six priorities: Legislative delivery to 31 August 2021

The Conference on the Future

The von der Leyen Commission’s six priorities: Legislative delivery to 31 March 2021

Share of women in national parliaments (both houses)

Share of women in the European Parliament

Gender equality index – Political power, change between 2005 and 2018

College of Commissioners by age and gender

College of Commissioners

The College of Commissioners in historical perspective

Total Commission staff

Commissioners and groups of Commissioners

Commissioners’ relationships with EP Committees

Commissioners, Directorates-General and staff

EU Budget

Gender distribution and size of each Directorate-General

Gender distribution of staff by age

Infringement procedures

Location of Commission staff

Nationality of Commission staff

Historical evolution of number of Commission staff

Number of staff by Directorate-General

Political make-up of the College of Commissioners

Proposals and legal acts adopted by the Commission

Figure 1 – The pros and cons of QMV in foreign and security policy

Total tweets per EU leader January 2019 to June 2020

Figure 2 – Total EU-related tweets by EU Heads of State or Government, January 2019 to June 2020

Figure 3 – EU tweets as a percentage of EU leaders’ total tweets

Figure 4 – Total number of EU issues addressed per EU Head of State or Government

Figure 5 – Frequency and weight of tweets on EU issues

Figure 6 – EU leaders’ Twitter activity on different clusters and individual EU issues

Figure 7 – Tweets concerning EU external relations per EU leader and sub-issue

Figure 8 – Number of tweets by EU Heads of State or Government by meeting format

Figure 9 – Twitter communication by EU leaders on meetings with other EU leaders

Figure 11 – Actual vs potential bilateral meetings between EU leaders as reported on Twitter

Figure 13 – Bilateral meetings between EU leaders who were in office during the full 18-month period

Figure 12 – Extrapolated sum of bilateral meetings between EU leaders, as reported on Twitter

Figure 14 – Extrapolated data on EU leaders’ meetings and their reporting on them via Twitter

Figure 15 – Key Franco-German interactions as reported on Twitter by Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel

Figure 16 – Average EU leaders’ total and EU tweets January 2019-June 2020

Figure 17 – Average EU leaders’ tweets on external relations, January 2019-June 2020

Figure 18 – Average number of EU leaders’ tweets on the MFF, January 2019-June 2020

Figure 19 – Average number of EU leaders’ tweets on Brexit and Covid 19, January 2019-June 2020

Figure 20 – EU leaders’ tweets on EU representatives and institutions, January 2019-June 2020

Figure 21 – Average tweets on institutional and cross-cutting issues, January 2019-June 2020

Figure 22 – Average number of tweets by EU leaders who held the Council presidency, January 2019 June 2020

Overview of topics addressed by each head of state or government, January 2019

Participants in Future of Europe debates in the European Parliament, January 2019

Timeline and key milestones of European Council involvement

Participants in Future of Europe debates in the European Parliament, October 2018

Turnout in European Parliament elections, 1979-2014

Overview of topics addressed by each Head of State or Government

Reservations in CETA by annexe and country

Countries that use internet voting

Figure 6 – UK imports from extra-EU partners for selected agricultural sectors and share of UK imports in total EU imports from non-EU countries for those agricultural sectors (2017)

UK imports from extra-EU partners for selected agricultural sectors and share of UK imports in total EU imports from non-EU countries for those agricultural sectors (2017)

UK trade with other EU Member States (in share of total trade with the EU, 2017)

Tariff rate quote (TRQ) per EU-27 share of in quota usage

Countries that use electronic voting

UK trade with EU-28 and with the rest of the world (2016)

Minimum age of candidates

steps to prepare for the special European Council (Article 50) meeting on 25 November

Electoral Threshold

Location of Commission staff

Gender distribution and size of each Directorate-General

Gender distribution of staff by age group

Commissioners, Directorates-General and staff

Nationality of Commission staff

Number of MEPs and voting system

Size of political groups in the EP by Member State (as of 8 July 2015)

Commissioners’ relationships with EP Committees

political affiliation of current EU Heads of State or Government

Size of political groups in the EP by Member State (as of 11 November 2015)

Repartition of UK total trade (2017)

Size of political groups in the EP by Member State (as of 10 June 2015)

Number and average length of co-decision procedures

Current membership of the European Council October 2018

Number of legislative and own-initiative reports

Age of MEPs by Member State

Role of the European Council

Gender and age of members of the European Council

Historical evolution of the European Council

Figure 4 – Citizenship tests in EU-28

Figure 3 – Dual citizenship in naturalisation in EU-28

Presidents of the European Council

Figure 6 – Migrant population in EU-28 (millions)

Figure 1 – Rules of jus soli citizenship in EU-28

Figure 5 – Major modes of involuntary loss of citizenship in EU-28

number of legislative resolutions adopted in plenary each year since 2004

Priority 8: Towards a New Policy on Migration

Figure 2 – Minimum period of residence required for naturalisation in EU-28 (years)

Annual cost of the EP per inhabitant

Parliamentary committees

Voting from abroad

EP Bureau

EP Size and proportion of political groups

Expected election day

Number of legislative and own-initiative reports

Trends in turnout at national and EP elections

EP Conference of Presidents

National parties and political groups in the EP

Table 2 – Essential elements of EU negotiating position on the financial settlement

Priority 7: An Area of Justice and Fundamental Rights Based on Mutual Trust

TTIP reading rooms in EU Member States

Size of political groups by MS

EP Size and proportion of political groups

Strengths of Political groups

Proportion of men and women in the EP

Priority 3: A Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy

Timeline of main steps taken in the EU and UK post-referendum, 2016 and early 2017

Previous rounds of negotiations

Timeline

Expectations for more EU involvement – Differences between Member States

Women MEPs by Member State

Working with partners and citizens

Legislation on lobbying

Data source: The European Parliament (9th edition), Corbett, Jacobs, Neville, 2016.

Size of political groups in the European Parliament by Member State (as of 03 May 2017)

Current membership of the European Council

Evolution of registrations in the Transparency Register since its launch

National provisions

Number of trilogues per year and per committee

Breakdown of entities registered in the Transparency register

Gap between expectation and current EU involvement

Priority 6: A Reasonable and Balanced Free Trade Agreement with the USA

stage of the co-decision procedure at which the EP and Council reached agreement on individual legislative texts

The College of Commissioners in a historical perspective

Negotiations on a withdrawal agreement

Characteristics of the structures and institutions of science-advice systems

Stage of the co-decision procedure at which the EP and Council reached agreement

Priority 4: A Deeper and Fairer Internal Market with a Strengthened Industrial Base

Priority 10: A Union of Democratic Change

Total Commission staff

Table 1 – Summary of benefits rights for EU citizens in a host Member State under the current EU rules

Table 1 UK participation in certain instruments

Women in EP and EU national parliaments

Proportion of Members in each political group

Article 50 TEU procedure

Timeline towards the UK’s in-out referendum on EU membership

Priority 1: A New Boost for Jobs, Growth and Investment

Register of lobbyists

The Scientific Advice Mechanism

Priority 9: A Stronger Global Actor

Overview of results from studies on TTIP’s economic impact on the EU and the USA

Strengths of the political groups in each parliamentary term

Lobbying regulation in the EU Member States

Step by Step Article 50 of a Member State applicaiton to leave the EU

Priority 2: A Connected Digital Single Market

Impact assessment support to Parliament’s committees throughout the legislative cycle

Size of political group

Number of trilogues per year and per committee

Code of conduct for lobbyists

Petitions to the EP by field

College of Commissioners

Commissioners, portfolios and project teams

TTIP negotiating documents and access

Priority 5: A Deeper and Fairer Economic and Monetary Union

College of Commissioners by age and gender (1999-2014)

Parliamentary committees

Activity in plenary

Size of political groups in the EP by Member State (as of 1 March 2016)

Legislative resolutions adopted in plenary since 2004

Political make-up of the College of Commissioners

Number of staff by Directorate-General

Historical evolution of the number of Commission staff posts

Proposals and legal acts adopted by the Commission

Infringement procedures

Graphics on Area of Freedom, Security and Justice

EU policies

Graphics on Migration and refugees

Graphics on Institutional affairs

Graphics on Legal affairs

Graphics on Gender Issues, Equality and Diversity

Graphics on Women’s rights

Graphics on Public expectations and EU policies

European Parliamentary Research Service

Plenary round-up – November II 2025

Elimination of violence against women: Two years since the EU ratified the Istanbul Convention

Violence against women active in politics in the EU: A serious obstacle to political participation

Simplifying EU digital laws for competitiveness

Children’s rights in the EU in the light of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

European Day for the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse

Plenary round-up – November I 2025

Outcome of the meetings of EU leaders, 23 October 2025

Plenary round-up – October II 2025

EU contribution to the fight against child poverty

Plenary round-up – October I 2025

What Europe does for me

EU legislation in progress

In focus

We write about

Social Media

Blogroll

Disclaimer and Copyright statement

EU policies

Graphics on Migration and refugees

Graphics on Institutional affairs

Graphics on Legal affairs

Graphics on Gender Issues, Equality and Diversity

Graphics on Women’s rights

Graphics on Public expectations and EU policies

European Parliamentary Research Service

Plenary round-up – November II 2025

Elimination of violence against women: Two years since the EU ratified the Istanbul Convention

Violence against women active in politics in the EU: A serious obstacle to political participation

Simplifying EU digital laws for competitiveness

Children’s rights in the EU in the light of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

European Day for the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse

Plenary round-up – November I 2025

Outcome of the meetings of EU leaders, 23 October 2025

VAT policy and menstrual poverty in the EU

Plenary round-up – October II 2025

EU contribution to the fight against child poverty

Plenary round-up – October I 2025

What Europe does for me

EU legislation in progress

In focus

We write about

Social Media

Blogroll

Disclaimer and Copyright statement

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