Graphics on Budget

Bilateral and EU budget contributions to Ukraine by EU and non-EU Member States, 2022-2025, in € billion and as a % of GNI

Team Europe financial, humanitarian and military support for Ukraine, February 2022 to September 2025, in € billion

Government support to Ukraine, by country group: Allocations and commitments from 24 January 2022 to 31 December 2024

Expected disbursement of loans and grants under Pillar I of the Ukraine Plan by quarters (2024-2027)

Investments and reforms over time under Pillar I of the Ukraine Plan by quarter (2024-2027)

Ukraine Plan implementation progress by quarter (2024-2027)

”Team Europe’ financial, humanitarian and military support for Ukraine from February 2022 to March 2025

Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism

Distribution of new €45 billion loan among G7 lenders

Government support to Ukraine, by country group: Allocations and commitments from 24 January 2022 to 31 October 2024

‘Team Europe’ financial, military and humanitarian support for Ukraine from February 2022 to December 2024

Government consolidated gross debt

Fiscal balance, % of GDP

RRF payments so far, % of resources committed

RRF milestones and targets assessed as fulfilled

GDP growth in the EU

Cumulative post-pandemic GDP growth in Member States

Fiscal policy in 2025

Total unemployment rate in the EU

Employment rate by gender in the EU Member States

EU inflation

Next Generation EU (NGEU)

Life cycle of a budgetary amendment in the European Parliament

Annual EU budgetary procedure: Possible Treaty scenarios and the pragmatic calendar

EPRS Graphics. Data source: DAB1/2024 and European Parliament

Source: European Parliament

Breakdown of health pillar expenditure by policy area: ‘Healthcare’

Development of margins for the 2024 budget year (commitments, € million)

Overall margins 2021-2027, (commitments, € million)

Team Europe financial, humanitarian and military support for Ukraine totals €72 billion before the mid-term revision of the multiannual financial framework and the 2023 Ukraine Recovery Conference in London

Financial and humanitarian aid for Ukraine (figures pre-2023 Ukraine Recovery Conference in London and excluding military aid)

Own resources of the EU budget, 2007-2024

Roadmap to the introduction of new own resources

National recovery and resilience plans (NRRPs) as of 12 June 2023: European Semester assessment, payments received and milestones and targets achieved

Number of SMEs supported by RRF resources as at 18 April 2023 (common indicator 9)

Support to SMEs (% of RRF ‘Smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’ pillar in NRRPs)

SME-related country-specific recommendations, 2019-2022

Comparison of EU budgets in 2022 and 2023 (commitment and payment appropriations, € billion)

Economic growth in the EU

EU budget and general government expenditure in the EU (2021, € billion)

EU budget as a share of public spending in individual Member States (2021)

Breakdown of NGEU resources (current prices)

RRF in figures: State of play at the end of December 2022

EU average deficit (right) and public debt (left) between 2000 and 2024, % of GDP

Common indicators for the ‘Policies for next generation’ pillar in 12 Member States

NRRP components exclusively dedicated to education, skills and training (in million €, per EU country)

Policies for next generation (expenditure as % of individual NRRP costs)

Clean energy in the NRRPs

Energy efficiency in the NRRPs

NRRPs energy investments per Member State (€ million)

NRRP energy investment per capita across the EU (€)

Energy as a share of 26 recovery and resilience plans

Real GDP growth in the EU Member States, 2021 forecast, annual change as a %

RRF contribution to the six priority pillars (% of funds allocated based on 22 approved NRRPs)

RRF in figures: State of play at the end of December 2021

RRF grants and loans requested as a share of Member States’ GDP and allocation per capita

Distribution of RRF loans requested per Member State

RRF grants as a share of Member States’ national GDP and allocation per capita

Recovery and Resilience Facility: National allocations available for grants

Structure of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (current prices)

Breakdown of NGEU resources (current prices)

General government gross debt in EU Member States and interest payments, 1995 to 2023, as a % of GDP

ECB holdings, by programme, € billion

Heading 7 European public administration, 2022 commitment appropriations

Heading 6 Neighbourhood and the world, 2022 commitment appropriations

Heading 5 Security and defence, 2022 commitment appropriations

Heading 4 Migration and border management, 2022 commitment appropriations

Heading 3 Natural resources and environment, 2022 commitment appropriations

Subheading 2b Resilience and values, 2022 commitment appropriations

Subheading 2a Economic, social and territorial cohesion, 2022 commitment appropriations

Heading 2 Cohesion, resilience and values, 2022 commitment appropriations

Heading 1 Single market, innovation and digital, 2022 commitment appropriations

Total commitment and payment appropriations under the EU budget and NGEU, in 2021 and 2022 (current prices, € billion).

A comparison of EU budgets in 2021 and 2022 (commitment and payment appropriations, € billion)

2022 EU budget (commitments, € billion, current prices)

Total commitment and payment appropriations, EU budgets for 2021 and 2022.

EU revenue in 2020

EU budget as a share of public spending in individual Member States (2020)

EU budget and general government expenditure in the EU (2020, € billion)

General government gross debt, 2021 forecast, as a %

Net lending (+) or net borrowing ( ), general government 2021 forecast, as a %

Unemployment rate in the EU Member States, 2021 forecast as a %

Structure of the recovery and resilience facility (current prices)

Timeline and main steps in the procedure

NGEU resources pre-allocated to Member States (RRF, REACT-EU, JTF and rural development) by Member State and per capita (€, current prices)

Overview of the recovery plan for Europe, € billion, current prices

Figure 1 – Overview of the recovery plan for Europe, € billion, current prices.

NRRPs: state of play as of 31 May 2021 (€ billion, current prices)

Structure of the recovery and resilience facility (current prices)

Timeline and main steps in the procedure

NGEU resources pre-allocated to Member States (RRF, REACT-EU, JTF and rural development) by Member State and per capita (€, current prices)

Ratification of the Own Resources Decision as of 31/5/2021

Perception and preference for EU budget spending on agriculture and rural development, 2008-2020

Perception of and preference for EU budget spending on employment, social affairs and public health, 2008-2020

Perception of and preference for EU budget spending on administrative and personnel costs and buildings, 2008-2020

Gap between perceptions and preferences for EU budget spending, 2008/2020

Perceptions of EU budget spending, 2008-2020

Preference for EU budget spending over time, 2008-2020

Preference for EU budget spending over time by Member State, first choice

Support for greater EU financial means, by age of respondents

Support for greater financial means by individual Member States, 2005-2020

Support for greater EU financial means by Member State, 2020

EU budget structure – How headings evolved over time

Own Resources of the EU budget, 2000-2021

EU annual budget cycle – Treaty calendar and pragmatic calendar

2021-2027 MFF and NGEU timelines

Multiannual financial framework and European Parliament election cycles

Public spending as % of national GDP in Member States and EU budget as % of EU GNI

Structure of Heading 6 and comparison of the various stages of the MFF proposals

ODA disbursements in 2018

Annual evolution of EIB lending volumes in the ELM regions

EIB financing operations signed in 2018 in the ELM regions

Financing sources for the two tranches of the Facility for Refugees in Turkey

Financial programming of Heading 4 ‘Global Europe’ instruments 2014 – 2020

Financing for the EU trust funds (in € millions)

The elements of the EU recovery plan

Total budgets and budgets per capita (€, 2018)

Per capita contributions to the budgets of the IGOs in selected countries worldwide (€, 2018)

World’s top five contributors to the budgets of the three IGOs (€, 2018)

EU Member States’ per capita contributions to the IGOs’ budgets (€, 2018)

Changes in the IGOs’ budgets over time (%, 2005-2018)

Parliament’s proposed roadmap for the introduction of new own resources

Next Generation EU: breakdown of resources by type of support (€ billion, 2018 prices, % of total)

Next Generation EU: Breakdown of resources by expenditure pillar (€ billion, 2018 prices, % of total)

Next Generation EU: Estimated breakdown of payments by year (€ billion, current prices, % of total)

EU budgetary and financial response to the coronavirus

Total EU budgetary package to fight coronavirus crisis

Potential extra EU resources

EU response to Covid

EU budgetary response to the coronavirus epidemic

EU economic response to coronavirus crisis

Provisioning amounts from the EU budget / Size of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)

Current assets and liabilities of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)

EU budget as good value for money, by citizens’ financial situation

EU budget as good value for money, by Member State, change 2011-2015

EU budget as good value for money, by group

EU budget as good value for money, by Member State

Support for greater EU financial means, by age of citizens

Support for greater EU financial means – changes by Member State, 2005-2015

Support for greater financial means – biggest changes, 2005-2015

Support for greater EU financial means, by group

Support for greater EU financial means, by Member State

EU revenue in 2016

MFF 2014-2020

OECD index of performance budgeting practices

The Galileo and EGNOS financial allocation (2014-2020)

EU industrial production for total industry and the main industrial groupings

MFF review package - core objectives of the main proposals

EU Budget 2018 commitments and 2019-2020 MFF ceilings by heading

Heading 4 Global Europe 2018 commitment appropriations

Heading 2 Sustainable growth - natural resources 2018 commitment appropriations

Subheading 1b Economic, social and territorial cohesion 2018 commitment appropriations

As in previous years, the mobilisation of the flexibility tools of the MFF proved necessary to finance budgetary priorities and reinforcements, already at the initial stage of adoption. The conciliation agreement for the 2018 budget included the mobilisation of two such instruments: the Global Margin for Commitments and the Flexibility Instrument (Table 1). In the resolution accompanying the mobilisation of the latter, the European Parliament reiterated its longstanding view that the flexibility of the EU Budget should be increased.

Flexibility tools mobilised with the adoption of the 2018 EU Budget

2014-2020 multiannual financial framework by heading (€ billion, current prices)

The EU foreign policy instruments- financial envelopes for the 2014-2020 MFF

EU Budget 2018

Indicative 2014-2020 budget for Copernicus services and in-situ components

Priorities and specific objectives of Horizon 2020

Financial allocation of Horizon 2020, 2014-2020, in € millions

Young people neither in employment nor in education and training

Youth Unemployment Initiative by country

INSC expenditure in third countries in 2007-2013 (€ million)

MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals

Digital skills of women and men in different age groups

MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals

The Cohesion Fund allocation per Member State and per capita, 2014-2020

Cohesion Fund budget by thematic objective, 2014-2020

The European Structural and Investment Funds

Legal framework of the Cohesion Fund

The Cohesion Fund allocation seen from the viewpoint of its share in the total EU funding for cohesion policy and its aid intensity for the 1989-2020 period

GNI per capita vs national contributions in % GNI, 2013

Financing scale of the UK rebate

UK’s gross and final national contributions to the EU budget, and impact of the rebate on the reduction of the UK’s gross national contributions (%): 1985-2014 (in ECU million until 1998 and € million from 1999)

Operating budgetary balances, 2009-14 (i.e. excluding administrative expenditure and traditional own resources, and including UK correction)

Graphics on Budget

Graphics on the MFF 2021-2027

Graphics on the Budget

European Parliamentary Research Service

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The European Democracy Shield: An overview

Priority dossiers under the Cyprus EU Council Presidency

What Europe does for me

EU legislation in progress

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Graphics on the MFF 2021-2027

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European Parliamentary Research Service

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Guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure: Revision of the TEN‑E Regulation [EU Legislation in Progress]

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Mapping threats to peace and democracy worldwide: Normandy Index 2025

The European Democracy Shield: An overview

Priority dossiers under the Cyprus EU Council Presidency

Ten issues to watch in 2026

What Europe does for me

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In focus

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