EU flagship programmes reinforced with additional resources
Main elements of the MFF package and the legislative procedures applicable
European Council figures for the MFF and NGEU
Timeline of the 2021-2027 MFF and NGEU negotiations
References to different aspects of the MFF by EU Heads of State or Government during their Future of Europe debates in the EP 2018-19
EU leaders’ mentions of aspects of the MFF during the Future of Europe debates
EU budget as a proportion of GNI and of total public expenditure
2014-2020 MFF process in the European Council between October 2010 and December 2013
2021-2027 MFF process in the European Council between February 2018 and February 2020
Annual climate change finance in the EU budget (€ billion, share of total, 2014-2020)
Cumulative climate change finance in the EU budget since 2014 (€ billion, share of total resources, 2014-2020)
European SME financing landscape
Key figures on SMEs in the European Union
A comparison of EU budgets in 2018 and 2019 (commitment and payment appropriations, € billion)
2019 EU budget (commitments, € billion, current prices)
Total commitment and payment appropriations, EU budget 2018 and 2019
EU budget as a share of public spending in individual Member States (2017)
Provisioning amounts from the EU budget / Size of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)
Current assets and liabilities of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)
EU budget as good value for money, by citizens’ financial situation
EU budget as good value for money, by Member State, change 2011-2015
EU budget as good value for money, by group
EU budget as good value for money, by Member State
Support for greater EU financial means, by age of citizens
Support for greater EU financial means – changes by Member State, 2005-2015
Support for greater financial means – biggest changes, 2005-2015
Support for greater EU financial means, by group
Support for greater EU financial means, by Member State
EU revenue in 2016
MFF 2014-2020
OECD index of performance budgeting practices
The Galileo and EGNOS financial allocation (2014-2020)
EU Budget 2018
Priorities and specific objectives of Horizon 2020
Financial allocation of Horizon 2020, 2014-2020, in € millions
Young people neither in employment nor in education and training
Youth Unemployment Initiative by country
INSC expenditure in third countries in 2007-2013 (€ million)
MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals
Digital skills of women and men in different age groups
MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals
The Cohesion Fund allocation per Member State and per capita, 2014-2020
The European Structural and Investment Funds
Legal framework of the Cohesion Fund
The Cohesion Fund allocation seen from the viewpoint of its share in the total EU funding for cohesion policy and its aid intensity for the 1989-2020 period
GNI per capita vs national contributions in % GNI, 2013
Financing scale of the UK rebate
UK’s gross and final national contributions to the EU budget, and impact of the rebate on the reduction of the UK’s gross national contributions (%): 1985-2014 (in ECU million until 1998 and € million from 1999)
Operating budgetary balances, 2009-14
(i.e. excluding administrative expenditure and traditional own resources, and including UK correction)
2021 Budget by MFF heading
Timeline of the 2021 to 2027 MFF
Mix of EU revenue in 2018 and estimated average for 2021 to 2027 period
MFF 2021-2027: Total
MFF: Next steps
Single market, innovation and digital
Cohesion and values
Natural resources and environment
Migration and border management
Security and defence
Neighbourhood and the world
European public administration
Proposal for the 2021-2027 MFF compared with the current MFF (commitments, 2018 prices, including the EDF)
Commission proposal for the 2021-2027 MFF, individual programmes as share of total (2018 prices)
4. Proposed new instruments outside the MFF ceilings
Own resources in 2018, and estimated own resources in 2027
Graphics on the Budget
Common indicators for the ‘Policies for next generation’ pillar in 12 Member States
NRRP components exclusively dedicated to education, skills and training (in million €, per EU country)
Policies for next generation (expenditure as % of individual NRRP costs)
Clean energy in the NRRPs
Energy efficiency in the NRRPs
NRRPs energy investments per Member State (€ million)
NRRP energy investment per capita across the EU (€)
Energy as a share of 26 recovery and resilience plans
Real GDP growth in the EU Member States, 2021 forecast, annual change as a %
RRF contribution to the six priority pillars (% of funds allocated based on 22 approved NRRPs)
RRF in figures: State of play at the end of December 2021
RRF grants and loans requested as a share of Member States’ GDP and allocation per capita
Distribution of RRF loans requested per Member State
RRF grants as a share of Member States’ national GDP and allocation per capita
Recovery and Resilience Facility: National allocations available for grants
Structure of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (current prices)
Breakdown of NGEU resources (current prices)
General government gross debt in EU Member States and interest payments, 1995 to 2023, as a % of GDP
ECB holdings, by programme, € billion
Heading 7 European public administration, 2022 commitment appropriations
Heading 6 Neighbourhood and the world, 2022 commitment appropriations
Heading 5 Security and defence, 2022 commitment appropriations
Heading 4 Migration and border management, 2022 commitment appropriations
Heading 3 Natural resources and environment, 2022 commitment appropriations
Subheading 2b Resilience and values, 2022 commitment appropriations
Subheading 2a Economic, social and territorial cohesion, 2022 commitment appropriations
Heading 2 Cohesion, resilience and values, 2022 commitment appropriations
Heading 1 Single market, innovation and digital, 2022 commitment appropriations
Total commitment and payment appropriations under the EU budget and NGEU, in 2021 and 2022 (current prices, € billion).
A comparison of EU budgets in 2021 and 2022 (commitment and payment appropriations, € billion)
2022 EU budget (commitments, € billion, current prices)
Total commitment and payment appropriations, EU budgets for 2021 and 2022.
EU revenue in 2020
EU budget as a share of public spending in individual Member States (2020)
EU budget and general government expenditure in the EU (2020, € billion)
General government gross debt, 2021 forecast, as a %
Net lending (+) or net borrowing ( ), general government 2021 forecast, as a %
Unemployment rate in the EU Member States, 2021 forecast as a %
Structure of the recovery and resilience facility (current prices)
Timeline and main steps in the procedure
NGEU resources pre-allocated to Member States (RRF, REACT-EU, JTF and rural development) by Member State and per capita (€, current prices)
Overview of the recovery plan for Europe, € billion, current prices
Figure 1 – Overview of the recovery plan for Europe, € billion, current prices.
NRRPs: state of play as of 31 May 2021 (€ billion, current prices)
Structure of the recovery and resilience facility (current prices)
Timeline and main steps in the procedure
NGEU resources pre-allocated to Member States (RRF, REACT-EU, JTF and rural development) by Member State and per capita (€, current prices)
Ratification of the Own Resources Decision as of 31/5/2021
Perception and preference for EU budget spending on agriculture and rural development, 2008-2020
Perception of and preference for EU budget spending on employment, social affairs and public health, 2008-2020
Perception of and preference for EU budget spending on administrative and personnel costs and buildings, 2008-2020
Gap between perceptions and preferences for EU budget spending, 2008/2020
Perceptions of EU budget spending, 2008-2020
Preference for EU budget spending over time, 2008-2020
Preference for EU budget spending over time by Member State, first choice
Support for greater EU financial means, by age of respondents
Support for greater financial means by individual Member States, 2005-2020
Support for greater EU financial means by Member State, 2020
EU budget structure – How headings evolved over time
Own Resources of the EU budget, 2000-2021
EU annual budget cycle – Treaty calendar and pragmatic calendar
2021-2027 MFF and NGEU timelines
Multiannual financial framework and European Parliament election cycles
Public spending as % of national GDP in Member States and EU budget as % of EU GNI
Structure of Heading 6 and comparison of the various stages of the MFF proposals
ODA disbursements in 2018
Annual evolution of EIB lending volumes in the ELM regions
EIB financing operations signed in 2018 in the ELM regions
Financing sources for the two tranches of the Facility for Refugees in Turkey
Total EU budgetary package to fight coronavirus crisis
Potential extra EU resources
EU response to Covid
EU budgetary response to the coronavirus epidemic
EU economic response to coronavirus crisis
Provisioning amounts from the EU budget / Size of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)
Current assets and liabilities of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)
EU budget as good value for money, by citizens’ financial situation
EU budget as good value for money, by Member State, change 2011-2015
EU budget as good value for money, by group
EU budget as good value for money, by Member State
Support for greater EU financial means, by age of citizens
Support for greater EU financial means – changes by Member State, 2005-2015
Support for greater financial means – biggest changes, 2005-2015
Support for greater EU financial means, by group
Support for greater EU financial means, by Member State
EU revenue in 2016
MFF 2014-2020
OECD index of performance budgeting practices
The Galileo and EGNOS financial allocation (2014-2020)
EU Budget 2018
Priorities and specific objectives of Horizon 2020
Financial allocation of Horizon 2020, 2014-2020, in € millions
Young people neither in employment nor in education and training
Youth Unemployment Initiative by country
INSC expenditure in third countries in 2007-2013 (€ million)
MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals
Digital skills of women and men in different age groups
MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals
The Cohesion Fund allocation per Member State and per capita, 2014-2020
The European Structural and Investment Funds
Legal framework of the Cohesion Fund
The Cohesion Fund allocation seen from the viewpoint of its share in the total EU funding for cohesion policy and its aid intensity for the 1989-2020 period
GNI per capita vs national contributions in % GNI, 2013
Financing scale of the UK rebate
UK’s gross and final national contributions to the EU budget, and impact of the rebate on the reduction of the UK’s gross national contributions (%): 1985-2014 (in ECU million until 1998 and € million from 1999)
Operating budgetary balances, 2009-14
(i.e. excluding administrative expenditure and traditional own resources, and including UK correction)
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