Graphics on Budget

Perceived and desired EU budget expenditure on climate/environment and immigration (% of respondents)

Components of Heading 4: Final agreement, including top-ups, and 2014 2020 allocations (€ billion, rounded, 2018 prices, EU 27)

Climate mainstreaming: Estimated contributions from 2021 2027 MFF and NGEU, contribution from 2014 2020 MFF (€ billion, rounded, 2018 prices)

2021-2027 MFF process in the European Council between February 2018 and December 2020

Main elements of the MFF package and the legislative procedures applicable

Key developments in the five phases of the 2014-2020 MFF negotiations

Figure 26 – Roadmap for the introduction of new own resources

Figure 25 – Recovery and Resilience Facility: National allocations for grants

Figure 24– Allocation of NGEU resources

Figure 22 – Agreed reinforcements by instrument

Figure 20 – EU discharge procedure from the perspective of the European Parliament

Figure 19 – Heading 7 European public administration, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 17 – Heading 5 Security and defence, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 18 – Heading 6 Neighbourhood and the world, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 16 – Heading 4 Migration and border management, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 15 – Heading 3 Natural resources and environment, 2020 commitment appropriations

Figure 14 – Subheading 2b Resilience and values, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 13 – Subheading 2a Economic, social and territorial cohesion, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 12 – Heading 2 Cohesion, resilience and values, 2021 commitment appropriations

Figure 10 – Comparison between the 2020 budget and the 2021 budget + NGEU

Figure 11 – Heading 1 Single market, innovation and digital

Figure 9 – A comparison of EU budgets in 2020* and 2021 (commitment and payment appropriations, € billion)

Figure 7 – Total commitment and payment appropriations, EU budgets for 2020 and 2021

Figure 8 – 2021 EU budget (commitments, € billion, current prices)

Figure 6 – 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework and Next Generation EU (NGEU) by heading (€ million, current prices)

Figure 5 – EU revenue in 2019

Figure 4 – EU budget as a share of public spending in individual Member States (2019)

Figure 3 – EU budget and general government expenditure in the EU (2019, € billion)

Figure 2 – Unemployment rate, forecast for 2020, EU-27

Figure 1 – Change in gross domestic product in 2020, EU-27

2014-2020 MFF, 2021-2027 MFF, NGEU and top-ups (commitments, € billion, 2018 prices)

Multiannual Financial Framework

European Parliament achievements

EU flagship programmes reinforced with additional resources

Main elements of the MFF package and the legislative procedures applicable

European Council figures for the MFF and NGEU

Timeline of the 2021-2027 MFF and NGEU negotiations

References to different aspects of the MFF by EU Heads of State or Government during their Future of Europe debates in the EP 2018-19

EU leaders’ mentions of aspects of the MFF during the Future of Europe debates

EU budget as a proportion of GNI and of total public expenditure

2014-2020 MFF process in the European Council between October 2010 and December 2013

2021-2027 MFF process in the European Council between February 2018 and February 2020

Annual climate change finance in the EU budget (€ billion, share of total, 2014-2020)

Cumulative climate change finance in the EU budget since 2014 (€ billion, share of total resources, 2014-2020)

European SME financing landscape

Key figures on SMEs in the European Union

A comparison of EU budgets in 2018 and 2019 (commitment and payment appropriations, € billion)

2019 EU budget (commitments, € billion, current prices)

Total commitment and payment appropriations, EU budget 2018 and 2019

EU budget as a share of public spending in individual Member States (2017)

Provisioning amounts from the EU budget / Size of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)

Current assets and liabilities of the Guarantee Fund (in € million)

EU budget as good value for money, by citizens’ financial situation

EU budget as good value for money, by Member State, change 2011-2015

EU budget as good value for money, by group

EU budget as good value for money, by Member State

Support for greater EU financial means, by age of citizens

Support for greater EU financial means – changes by Member State, 2005-2015

Support for greater financial means – biggest changes, 2005-2015

Support for greater EU financial means, by group

Support for greater EU financial means, by Member State

EU revenue in 2016

MFF 2014-2020

OECD index of performance budgeting practices

The Galileo and EGNOS financial allocation (2014-2020)

EU industrial production for total industry and the main industrial groupings

MFF review package - core objectives of the main proposals

EU Budget 2018 commitments and 2019-2020 MFF ceilings by heading

Heading 4 Global Europe 2018 commitment appropriations

Heading 2 Sustainable growth - natural resources 2018 commitment appropriations

Subheading 1b Economic, social and territorial cohesion 2018 commitment appropriations

As in previous years, the mobilisation of the flexibility tools of the MFF proved necessary to finance budgetary priorities and reinforcements, already at the initial stage of adoption. The conciliation agreement for the 2018 budget included the mobilisation of two such instruments: the Global Margin for Commitments and the Flexibility Instrument (Table 1). In the resolution accompanying the mobilisation of the latter, the European Parliament reiterated its longstanding view that the flexibility of the EU Budget should be increased.

Flexibility tools mobilised with the adoption of the 2018 EU Budget

2014-2020 multiannual financial framework by heading (€ billion, current prices)

The EU foreign policy instruments- financial envelopes for the 2014-2020 MFF

EU Budget 2018

Indicative 2014-2020 budget for Copernicus services and in-situ components

Priorities and specific objectives of Horizon 2020

Financial allocation of Horizon 2020, 2014-2020, in € millions

Young people neither in employment nor in education and training

Youth Unemployment Initiative by country

INSC expenditure in third countries in 2007-2013 (€ million)

MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals

Digital skills of women and men in different age groups

MFF review package – core objectives of the main proposals

The Cohesion Fund allocation per Member State and per capita, 2014-2020

Cohesion Fund budget by thematic objective, 2014-2020

The European Structural and Investment Funds

Legal framework of the Cohesion Fund

The Cohesion Fund allocation seen from the viewpoint of its share in the total EU funding for cohesion policy and its aid intensity for the 1989-2020 period

GNI per capita vs national contributions in % GNI, 2013

Financing scale of the UK rebate

UK’s gross and final national contributions to the EU budget, and impact of the rebate on the reduction of the UK’s gross national contributions (%): 1985-2014 (in ECU million until 1998 and € million from 1999)